Weaving looms



May 23, 1961 H. M. PATERNAYAN WEAVING LOOMS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed 001;.22, 1956 INVENTOR.

Mun/7, L [dc/ 4 Mai/mason d Marc'fi ATTORNEYS Unite States Patent2,985,198 WEAVING LOOMS Harry M. Paternayan, 10 W. 33rd St., New York,N.Y. Filed Oct. 22, 1956, Ser. No. 617,615 8 Claims. (Cl. 139-33) Thisinvention relates to Weaving looms, and more particularly to loomsadapted to be hand operated, as for example those intended for hobbyistsand other do-ityourself groups.

An object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved hand loomfor weaving various kinds of fabrics, rugs, etc., wherein means areprovided which greatly facilitate the laying in or applying of the weftto the warp threads.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved loomhaving means as above outlined, wherein the various components andstructures involved are extremely simple, easy to fabricate and toassemble.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide an improved weavingloom in accordance with the above, wherein the actuation, while still byhand, is greatly simplified and requires but a minimum of skill anddexterity.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the drawings accompanying this specification, similar characters ofreference indicate corresponding parts when ever possible in the severalviews, in which:

Figure 1 is a front elevational view of an improved loom made inaccordance with the invention, showing warp threads started on the loomframework.

Figure 2 is a view like Figure 1, but with the warp threads pushed tothe left, in more closely spaced relation.

Figure 3 is a view like Figures 1 and 2, but with the loom frameworkcompletely filled with warp threads. Some of such threads have beenomitted for the sake of simplicity of illustration.

Figure 4 is a sectional view, enlarged, taken on the line 4-4 of Figure3.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view, enlarged, of a portion of the wovenmaterial produced by the loom of this invention.

Figure 6 is a transverse sectional view of one type of novel threadshifting bar as provided by the invention.

Figure 7 is a view like Figure 6, but showing another type of threadshifting bar.

Figure 8 is a view like Figures 6 and 7, but showing still another typeof thread shifting bar.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary front elevational view of a modified loom madein accordance with the invention.

Figure 10 is a section taken on the line 1010 of Figure 9.

As shown, the improved weaving loom of this invention comprises agenerally rectangular frame 10 which may in general be conventional inits construction, having side rails 11 and 12, and top and bottom or endrails 13 and 14 respectively. The top rail 13 may be fixedly attached tothe side rails 11 and 12, whereas the rail 14 may be movable in slots 16provided in the side rails, as shown in Figure 4.

In the usual manner, conventional turn buckles 17 may be provided,secured to brackets 18 on the side rails 11 and 12 and secured to thebottom or end rail 14 to apply downward force thereto as needed intensioning the warp threads.

The warp thread for the woven article may be supplied from a spool orbobbin 20, such thread passing through a guide 21 secured to the siderail 12 and at its end 22 being then tied to a rigid floating bar 23which may be hand held during the applying of the warp threads 24 to theframe. The procedure employed for this operation is well illustrated inFigure 1, involving the forming of loops in the thread coming from thespool 20 and alternately passing such loops from the rear of the frameeither forwardly over the top rail 13 or forwardly under the bottom rail14, the loops being hung on the floating bar 23. For example, in Figure1 the last loop which has been applied to the bar 23 is indicated at 26,such loop having been brought forward over the top rail 13 of the frame.

As the warp threads 24 accumulate on the frame, they are periodicallyshifted from right to left, as indicated in Figure 2, and this procedureis followed until the entire frame is completely filled with warpthreads, as in Figure 3. At such time, the floating bar 23 is shifteddownward to the position shown in Figure 3 wherein it rests in front ofthe lower frame member or rail 14. The turn buckles 17 may now betightened, where this is necessary to increase the tautness of the Warpthreads 24.

In accordance with the present invention I provide a novel and improvedmeans by which there is greatly facilitated the operation of passingweft threads between the warp threads 24. Referring to Figures 3 and 4,this means comprises a rigid bar "30 having on it a plurality of eyemembers '31 adapted to encircle and hold captive alternate ones of thewarp threads 24. The bar 30, which I term hereinafter a thread-eye bar,may have various shapes or cross sections, and the eyes 31 may havevarious configurations. In Figures 4 and 6 the bar 30 is shown as havinggenerally a circular cross section, with a longitudinal groove 32 bywhich there is provided longitudinally-extending, opposed shoulders 33and 34. The eyes 31 may be formed of short lengths of wire made intoloops, said loops having pointed ends 36 and broad ends 37, with theextremities of the wires twisted together as shown at 38. The twistedextremities 38 thus occupy the groove '32 and constitute, with the wallsof the groove, a positioning means by which the eyes 31 are maintainedsubstantially in alignment with each other and prevented from turningabout the bar 30.

Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the bar 30 is secured by means of blocks40 to the side rails 11 and 12 of the frame 10 after the eyes have firstbeen engaged with or made to enclose alternate warp threads.

The operation of placing the loops or eyes 31 around the threads 24 isdone piecemeal; that is, one loop or eye at a time (removed from the bar30 and prior to making the twist 38) is placed around the proper warpthread and then the twist is made and the eye is slid over the bar, andso on.

In conjunction with the thread eye bar 30 and the eyes 31 a movable bar42 is provided, said bar being passed between the two groups of the warpthreads as now distinguished by the eyes 31. That is, the movable bar 42is passed in front of those warp threads 24, Figure 4, which are heldcaptive by the eyes 31, and passed in back of those warp threads 24which do not pass through the eyes 31. With this organization it ispossible, by either raising or lowering the movable bar 42 inconjunction with the thread eye bar 30, to arrange the captive threads24 either in front of the non-captive threads, as illustrated by thefull lines in Figure 4, or else in back of the noncaptive threads, asillustrated by the broken lines in Figure 4. For instance, when the bar42 is in its raised position, the first-mentioned condition exists,whereas when the bar 42 is lowered to the broken line position shown,the second-mentioned condition exists. For each such condition ofseparation there exists a space, either the space 44 or the space 45,between the sets of warp threads, andit is thus an easy and simplematter to pass a weft thread through said space, as by means of asuitable shuttle or other instrumentality. Therefore, a starting selvageof weft threads, indicated at 50 in Figure 5, may be easily applied tothe warp threads 24, after which individual tufts 51 may be placed onthe warp threads in the manner indicated. Thereafter, weft threads 52may be applied to the warp threads, again utilizing the bar 42 inconjunction with the thread eye bar 30, and so on.

As the weft threads and tufts are applied they are of course pusheddownward along the warp threads to form the woven fabric as indicated at54 in Figure 4.

Instead of the bar 30 and eyes 31 shown in Figure 6, a modifiedstructure may be provided in accordance with the showing of Figure 7.This structure comprises a rigid bar 56 having a longitudinal groove 57and having attached to it in said groove a T-section strip 58, suchstrip forming with the groove 57 two L-section slots as shown. Thethread eyes 60 have pointed ends 61 and broad ends 62, the latter beinggenerally rounded and having inturned, parallel extremities 63. Withthis organization, the eyes 60 may be readily slipped onto the rod 56 bystarting at one end thereof, as with the construction of Figure 6.

In Figure 8 there is shown a bar 70 of rectangular cross section, havinga longitudinal groove '71 in which there is fastened a T-section strip73 forming L-section slots of the groove 71. The thread eye 73 has apointed end 74 and a broad end 73, the latter having inturned parallelextremities 76. V

In Figures 9 and there is shown a frame 10a having rail members 11a,12a, 13a and 14a. The rail members 11a and 12a have bearing blocks 80and 81 mounting crank arms 82 and 83 respectively, said arms carryingthread eye bars 84 and 85 adapted to carry thread eyes 86. The crankarms 82 and 83 are connected with arms 87 and 88 respectively, which areactuated by wires or strings 89 and 90 leading to suitable treadles (notshown). those alternate threads which are not engaged and held captiveby the thread eyes 86 on the bar 84, and actuation of the bars 84 and 85by the treadles will separate the sets of warp threads, as indicated inFigure 10, bring ing one set either in front of or behind the other set,thereby to facilitate insertion of the weft.

It will be readily apparent that, by the above construction, I haveprovidedan extremely simple, 'econom ical-to-manufacture andeasily-operated means for sep arating alternate sets of warp threads soas' to facilitate the insertion of the Weft.

Variations and modifications may be made within the scope of the claims,and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

I claim:

1. A loom comprising a frame having a pair of rigid, elongate membersdisposed in spaced, coextensive relation to each other and adapted tosupport warp threads extending between the members; a rigid bar disposedbewardly on the eyes and adapted to engage the said shoulders.

2. A loom comprising a frame having a pair. of rigid, elongate membersdisposed in spaced, coextensive relation to each other and adapted tosupport warp threads,

The thread eyes 86 on the bar 85 hold captive extending between themembers; a rigid bar disposed between said members in spaced,coextensive relation thereto; a plurality of eyes carried by and spacedalong said bar and adapted to extend around and hold captive alternatewarp threads; cooperable means on the bar and on the eyes, positioningthe latter and holding the same aligned on the bar against turning, saidbar being round and having a longitudinally extending groove; aT-section strip secured to said bar in the groove thereof, thereby todivide the groove into two substantially L-section slots, and the saideyes comprising elongate, non-continuous loops having inturned endsadapted to be received in and held captive by said L-section slots.

3. A loom comprising a frame having a pair of rigid, elongate membersdisposed in spaced, coextensive relationto each other and adapted tosupport warp threads extending between the members; a rigid bar disposedbetween said members in spaced, coextensive relation thereto; aplurality of eyes carried by and spaced along said bar and adapted toextend around and hold captive alternate warp threads; cooperable meanson the bar and on the eyes, positioning the latter and holding the samealigned on the bar against turning, said bar being of rectangularcross-section and having longitudinally extending grooves; and aT-section strip secured to said bar in the groove, thereby to divide thegroove into two, substantially L-section slots, the said eyes comprisingelongate, non-continuous loops having inturned ends adapted to bereceived in and held captive by said L-section slots.

4. A loom comprising a frame having a pair of rigid, elongate membersdisposedin spaced, coextensive relation to each other and adapted tosupport warp threads extending between the members; a rigid bar disposedbetween said members in spaced, coextensive relation thereto; and aplurality of eyes carried by and spaced along said bar and adapted toextend around and hold captive alternate warp threads, the said eyescomprising loops, each loop being of elongate configuration and beingpointed at one end, the other ends of the loops being relatively broadand rounded and said rounded ends having inturned, substantiallyparallel extremities. a

5. A loom comprising a frame having a pair of rigid, elongate membersdisposed in spaced, coextensive relation to each other and adapted tosupport Warp threads extending between the members; a rigid stationaryheddle bar disposed and fixed between said members in spaced,

coextensive relation thereto, said bar having a longitudinal grooveextending for its full length; a plurality of eyes constituted as piecesseparate from each other and separate from the bar, said eyes beingremovably carried by and being spaced along said bar and having meansextending into the groove of the bar to prevent turning of the eyes onthe bar, and said eyes being further adapted to extend around and holdcaptive a set of alternate warp threads in positions out of the plane inwhich the remaining set of alternate warp threads lies; and a secondrigid bar interposed between said set of alternate warp threads and theremaining set of alternate warp threads, said second rigid bar beinglaterally movable in opposite directions, thereby to effect desiredopposite separations of the sets of warp threads, said lateral movementof the second rigid bar being generally parallel to the plane containingthe first-mentioned rigid bar and one of the pair of rigidframe'members.

' 6. The invention as defined in claim 5 in which the eyes areconstituted of lengths of bent wires loosely carried by the bar, and inwhich the ends of the wires and the groove of the bar constitutecooperable means on the bar and the eyes, for positioning the latter andholding the same aligned on the bar against turning.

7. The inventiontas defined in claim 6 in which the eyes comprise loopsloosely carried by' the bar, each loop being of elongate configurationand being pointed at one end, the other ends of the loops beingrelatively broad. v i

5 6 8. The invention as defined in claim 7 in which the 2,241,318 RobsonMay 6, 1941 said other ends of the loops are rounded. 2,437,716Tiefenthal Mar. 16, 1948 2,481,955 Simons Sept. 13, 1949 ReferencesCited m the file of th1s patent 5 FOREIGN PATENTS UNITED STATES PATENTS616,279 France Oct. 26, 1926 2,209,597 Clark et a1. July 30, 1940732,541 Great Britain June 29, 1955

